Geranium is a genus of flowering plants that includes over 200 species. These plants, native to temperate regions, are known for their five-petaled flowers and are often used in gardens and floral displays. Geraniums are perennial, biennial, or annual plants and are used in traditional medicine.
About Geranium:
The Geranium is a diverse group of plants encompassing over 400 species. Common types include Zonal, Ivy, Scented, and Regal Geraniums, each with its own unique characteristics and growth habits.
The Geranium has a perennial life cycle in zones 10-11 but is often grown as an annual in colder climates. Its bloom season extends from late spring into fall, offering a long-lasting display of vibrant colors.
Characteristics:
Characteristics of the Geranium plant include its attraction to bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. This plant is also known for being easy to grow and maintain. Some species of Geranium are edible and have a pleasant fragrance. In addition, the Geranium is ornamental with its attractive foliage and flowers, often used in containers, hanging baskets, or flower beds.
Growing Conditions:
Geraniums prefer growing conditions that include well-draining soil and full sun to part shade exposure. They are drought tolerant once established and prefer a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0.
Resistance:
In terms of resistance, Geraniums are generally resistant to deer and rabbit damage. However, they can be susceptible to some plant diseases such as rust, fusarium wilt, downy mildew, and powdery mildew, depending on the specific variety and growing conditions.
| Season | Depth | Height | Spacing | US Hardiness Zone |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | 1/8 to 1/4 inches | 12 to 24 inches | 6 to 24 inches | 4 to 9 |
Plant Care Instructions
Light Requirement
Geraniums thrive best in full sun to partial shade. However, in hotter climates, they may appreciate some afternoon shade to protect from scorching sun.
Water Need
Geraniums need regular watering but let the soil dry out between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it’s better to underwater than overwater.
Fertilizer
Geraniums prefer a balanced fertilizer such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20. For organic options, you could use compost, manure, or organic granular fertilizers.
Pruning
Deadhead spent blooms regularly to encourage more flowering. In late summer, you can cut back on watering and let the plant dry out to encourage it to go dormant for winter. Prune back by about half in late winter to early spring to encourage new growth.
Toxicity
Geraniums are generally considered non-toxic to humans but can be mildly toxic to pets if ingested.
Common Issues
Common issues include leaf spot, botrytis, rust, and root rot, often due to overwatering or poor air circulation. Geraniums can also attract pests like whiteflies, aphids, and mealybugs. Regularly check plants for signs of these issues and treat accordingly.
Culinary Benefits:
- Geraniums are aromatic and can be used in various ways in the kitchen. They can be used to flavor cakes, jellies, ice cream, sorbets, and other sweet dishes.
- The leaves and flowers of certain species of geraniums are edible and can be used in salads.
- Geranium oil is often used as a natural food flavoring agent.
- Some species of geraniums, like the rose geranium, have a pleasant flavor that can be used to infuse teas or desserts.
Medicinal Benefits:
- Geraniums have been used traditionally in herbal medicine for their antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and healing properties.
- They are often used to treat skin conditions like acne, eczema, and burns.
- Geranium oil is used in aromatherapy for its calming and uplifting effects, and to relieve stress and anxiety.
- Some studies suggest that geraniums may have potential benefits in managing diabetes and improving kidney health.
- It’s also used to treat infections and to boost the immune system.
- The plant is also used in the treatment of ulcers, ringworm, and other skin diseases.
Companion Plants for Geranium:
1. Lavender: The soothing fragrance of lavender acts as a natural insect repellent, keeping pests away from your geraniums.
2. Marigolds: Planting marigolds alongside geraniums helps to deter nematodes and other harmful insects that attack geranium roots.
3. Dianthus: These small, colorful flowers not only create a beautiful contrast to geranium blooms but also attract beneficial insects that prey on pests.
4. Salvia: Salvia plants produce vibrant flowers that attract pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, to your garden, benefiting both geraniums and other nearby plants.
In conclusion, Geranium is a hardy and beautiful plant that will enhance any garden. Whether you’re looking for a pop of color, a low-maintenance option, or a natural mosquito repellent, Geranium has it all. With its vibrant blooms and ability to thrive in various conditions, Geranium is the perfect addition to your outdoor space.